Gastroenterology

GERD stands for gastroesophageal reflux disease. It is a chronic condition that causes stomach acid to flow back into the esophagus. This can cause uncomfortable symptoms such as heartburn, chest pain, and difficulty swallowing. GERD is caused by a malfunctioning lower esophageal sphincter, which is a muscle that controls the flow of food and stomach acid into the stomach.

Gastroparesis is a condition that affects the normal stomach emptying process. It often results from damage to the nerves that control the stomach muscles. As a result, food stays in the stomach longer than it should, causing symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and bloating.

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic medical condition that causes inflammation and ulcers in the inner lining of the colon and rectum. It is a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that can cause symptoms such as stomach pain, diarrhea, and rectal bleeding.

Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder that affects the digestive system. The condition damages the lining of the small intestine, making it difficult for the body to absorb important nutrients. People with celiac disease are allergic to gluten, which is a protein commonly found in wheat, barley, and rye. Symptoms of celiac disease include abdominal pain, diarrhea, bloating, and fatigue.

Colon cancer refers to the growth of malignant cells in the colon, which is also referred to as the large intestine. It is the third most common cancer in the world and is more common in individuals age 50 and above.

Colon cancer can cause symptoms such as changes in bowel habits, blood in the stool, abdominal pain, and unexplained weight loss. Risk factors include a family history of the disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and a diet high in processed foods and red meat.